{"id":2924,"date":"2022-09-14T10:59:10","date_gmt":"2022-09-14T10:59:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/international-trade-and-competitiveness\/"},"modified":"2022-09-28T11:12:05","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T11:12:05","slug":"international-trade-and-competitiveness","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/en\/international-trade-and-competitiveness\/","title":{"rendered":"International Trade and Competitiveness"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2924\" class=\"elementor elementor-2924 elementor-2612\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3315351 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"3315351\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7961c82\" data-id=\"7961c82\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3484bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a3484bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.7 - 03-07-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">International Trade and Competitiveness<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1cef0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d1cef0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.7 - 03-07-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-divider{--divider-border-style:none;--divider-border-width:1px;--divider-color:#2c2c2c;--divider-icon-size:20px;--divider-element-spacing:10px;--divider-pattern-height:24px;--divider-pattern-size:20px;--divider-pattern-url:none;--divider-pattern-repeat:repeat-x}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{font-size:15px;line-height:1;max-width:95%}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__element{margin:0 var(--divider-element-spacing);-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-icon{font-size:var(--divider-icon-size)}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider-separator{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:0;direction:ltr}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:before{display:block;content:\"\";border-bottom:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:100;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider-separator:before{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider__element{margin-left:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:last-of-type{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:100;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider-separator:after{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider__element{margin-right:0}.elementor-widget-divider:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text):not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon) .elementor-divider-separator{border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern{--divider-border-style:none}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern.elementor-widget-divider--view-line .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8633b79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8633b79\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c1982a\" data-id=\"4c1982a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb74250 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"bb74250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.7 - 03-07-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-content{width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-left .elementor-image-box-wrapper,.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-right .elementor-image-box-wrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-right .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:right;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-left .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:left;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-top .elementor-image-box-img{margin:auto}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-top .elementor-image-box-wrapper{-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-middle .elementor-image-box-wrapper{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-bottom .elementor-image-box-wrapper{-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end}}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-img{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-bottom:15px}}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-img{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-title a{color:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-description{margin:0}<\/style><div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"256\" height=\"256\" src=\"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/computer.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Projects<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9564aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9564aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.7 - 03-07-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong>World Bank Projects<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>As STC:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identifying service sectors with high potential growth in the Dominican Republic \u2013 2021\u201322 (Advisory)<\/li>\n<li>Cambodia, Country Economic Memorandum \u2013 Chapter on Services Trade and PTAs, 2020 (advisory)<\/li>\n<li>Services Trade and Investment in the Pacific Alliance countries \u2013 2017\u201318 (advisory)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>As Staff:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>EC Economic Diversification &amp; Industrial Services \u2013 2016. Ecuador (lending)<\/li>\n<li>Ecuador Competitiveness and Services for Competitiveness \u2013 2013\u201315 Ecuador (advisory)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ec1b9e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6ec1b9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6c70690 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6c70690\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9afe985\" data-id=\"9afe985\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24643bc elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"24643bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"256\" height=\"256\" src=\"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ads.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Publications<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60914fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60914fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>International trade, investment and competitiveness<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rubalcaba, L. (2022) Competitiveness. In Richardson, D. et al. (eds.) The International Encyclopedia of Geography. People, the Earth, Environment and Technology. Wiley-Blackwell<\/li>\n<li>Rubalcaba, L., Hern\u00e1ndez, L. (2018) Services Trade and Investment in the Pacific Alliance countries. Chapter 1. The growth of services trade and investment in the PA countries. The World Bank Group.<\/li>\n<li>Rubalcaba, L. and Toivonen, M. (2015). Internationalisation of services: modes and the particular case of Knowledge-intensive Business Services. In Peter Daniels and John Bryson (Eds) The Handbook of Service Business. Edward Elgar.<\/li>\n<li>Visintin, S., Maroto, A., Di Meglio, G., and Rubalcaba, L. (2010) The Role of Cost Related Factors in the Competitiveness of European Services. The Global Economy Journal (bepress). Vol. 10, Issue 3: 4.<\/li>\n<li>Rubalcaba, L., Visintin, S. (2010) Crossing borders: exploring the relationships between different modes of international provision of services. In Business service, competitiveness and internationalization, Rubettino.<\/li>\n<li>Stare, M. and Rubalcaba, L. (2009). International Outsourcing of Services\u2014What Role for Central and East European Countries? Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Vol. 45, 5, 31-46.<\/li>\n<li>Rubalcaba, L. and Van Welsum, D. (2007). Globalisation and Global Sourcing in Business Services. In The Contribution of Business Services to European Economic Growth. Edited by L. Rubalcaba and H. Kox. Palgrave-MacMillan, pp. 213-230<\/li>\n<li>Cuadrado, J. R., Rubalcaba, L., and Bryson, J. (2002) Trading Services in the Global Economy, 2002. Edward Elgar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>International Trade and Competitiveness Projects World Bank Projects As STC: Identifying service sectors with high potential growth in the Dominican Republic \u2013 2021\u201322 (Advisory) Cambodia, Country Economic Memorandum \u2013 Chapter on Services Trade and PTAs, 2020 (advisory) Services Trade and Investment in the Pacific Alliance countries \u2013 2017\u201318 (advisory) As Staff: EC Economic Diversification &amp; &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/en\/international-trade-and-competitiveness\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">International Trade and Competitiveness<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2924"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2924"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2925,"href":"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2924\/revisions\/2925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/luis-rubalcaba.web.uah.es\/wp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}